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SIM cards are tiny microcontrollers

Recently I learned that SIM cards are actually microcontrollers They have a small CPU with RAM and non-volatile storage.

These cards run software called SIM Toolkit / JavaCard applets. Carriers use it to load little programs.

An eSIM is the same type of smart-card chip but soldered into the phone. It’s still a Java-Card-like environment.

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SIM cards are tiny microcontrollers

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